Trisha Knowles

Show your work. She will continue to lose weight and her muscles and body will shrink. Overall Assessment: Discuss overall implications of IBM and any energy imbalance on overall health. Skipping meals gives the body energy imbalance and doesn't give it the types of energy to perform what you need your body to do. Pushing the body to its limits can end up in some nasty situations.Analyze food choices Is the client getting enough of each of the designated food groups? No because they don't eat any fruits in their diet and way too many vegetables. She eats a little too much protein but she also needs calcium and some more grains and wheat in her body as well. How does consumption of fats, carbohydrates, proteins and sodium compare to recommended values? Because they all work in the body to perform certain task to help it functions properly. Not feeding the body the right mount and the right foods hinders the body.Propose ways to bring the energy input and output in line with Trash's he alth goals. Describe final recommendations to improve Trash's overall health and help her regain energy and strength. How should Trash alter her eating habits and her activity? Link your recommendations to her personal health history and her family history. She should add more fruits and dairy products lessen the proteins and vegetables to where she doesn't get things like high blood pressure.

Homework on essay Essay

1. What is the new concept of education? For more than decades now, our constant contact with the Americans transformed us and led us to the evolution of our public schools and democratic institutions which then, in turn, developed in us our national consciousness in strength and in solidarity. It gave rise to a new concept of education which is deemed as the training of an individual for the duties and privileges of a citizen not only for his own happiness and efficiency, but also for his contribution to the national sphere at large. As the State’s primary responsibility is to provide for the education of every member of the society, it follows that an educated Filipino must possess three characteristics as enumerated by Francisco Benitez in his essay â€Å"What is an Educated Filipino? † 2. According to the author, what is the first quality should distinguish the educated Filipino? First is the power to do which embraces not only the ability of the Filipinos to produce material goods but also the valuable services rendered to society through institutions such as the home, the school, the church and the government. This is best exemplified by a mother who takes good care of her family. 3. What should be the second quality of an educated Filipino? Second, a Filipino is one who is distinguished not only by one’s knowledge of the world’s progress but also and more importantly by one’s understanding of one’s race, people and country – the ideals and morals that are cherished herein. How can a Filipino claim to call himself educated when he has conquered the world yet he is ignorant of his own culture and origin? 4. What should be the third quality of an educated Filipino? The third is that the educated Filipino is one who is deep-rooted in one’s speech and conduct. One must put into practice those elements recognized as concomitant to culture and morality. Hence, one makes use of such elements for one’s growth as an individual and for a nation’s development as a whole. 5. Which of the three qualities do you consider the most important? The third quality, because the Filipino must have ingrained in his speech and conduct those elements that are everywhere recognized as accompaniments of culture andmorality, so that, possessing the capacity for self-entertainment and study, he may not be at the mercy of the pleasure of the senses or a burden to himself when alone. 6. What are the other qualities would you like to add for the betterment of the Filipinos today?

Research proposal on the impact of marketing strategies and loyalty Dissertation

Research proposal on the impact of marketing strategies and loyalty scheme of TESCO - Dissertation Example The methodology to be adopted in conducting the research proposal consists of both primary research and secondary research aimed at the management and consumer base of Tesco. The data obtained from the research consist of qualitative data, through interview and observation and quantitative data, with the help of questionnaires. These quantitative and qualitative data were analysed based on the answers of the interviewee and also with the help of graphs and charts obtained from questionnaires. Description Background to Research Literature Review Marketing Strategies Ranchhod and Gurau (2012:1) reflect that the strategies framed by a business corporation reflecting on key changes in the external environment while working effectively based on its resource base to gain enhanced position in the existing market place constitutes the marketing strategies of the firm. The external environment of a business corporation is susceptible to large amount of changes owing to alterations in the dema nd pattern of the existing consumer base owing to alterations in the socio-economic profile of the people. Further the external environment of a business corporation is also subjected to legislative and policy changes where again new technologies are also introduced in the business unit. Depending on such changes the strategies of the company focusing on the market trends also tend to change accordingly. Marketing Strategies in Retail Retail companies operating in the global sphere also tend to act based on different marketing strategies to compete effectively in the different markets. Lamb, Hair and McDaniel (2011:241-245) state that the marketing strategies of retail corporations are created and made effective to fulfil certain key objectives like gaining an enhancement of consumer traffic in the different stores, enhancing the sale of its products and services and also in gaining an enhanced consumer awareness in the densely populated retail market. The first strategic initiative that needs to be taken by the retail companies is to focus on gaining the target market through effective segmentation based on demographic, psychographic and geographic profile of the total consumer base. Further the retail market being an integral part of the service marketing companies tend to work based on the seven Ps to formulate the total marketing mix strategy. Firstly retail companies’ work on enhancing the assortment depth of the products thereby helping consumers to choose from a plethora of different options in regards to a specific product category. Secondly in close conformity to the type of consumers in the target market based on social and economic conditions the retail companies are required to set the price for its products. The retail companies can also go for a price mix where certain categories of products can be priced in a premium fashion, while others in a discounted or low price fashion depending

Homeless English Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Homeless English - Assignment Example I based this research on homelessness on a total period of two months and the strategy chosen by me was to interview as many of the homeless people in the local park as possible in the evening time, when the park is really full of public. In an order to draw results by doing interviews, I first made myself familiar with the local homeless people. This study was based on a qualitative and observational approach, while the interview questions to be asked from the homeless participants of my study were very personal and meant to gain information about the nature of difficulties and the level of illegal activities occurring as a result of homelessness. Almost all the poor and homeless people are often found in very old apartment buildings and living with other people while not being considered as their family members. A portion of these homeless people can also be found living on the street and footpaths during the night while hanging around uselessly in the local park for spending the d ay, thus very forced on going along with the bad and bitter life. This small portion of homeless people also faces the threat of eviction continuously by the host family members with which they are forced to live and share living and as a result of which they are often found wandering in the local park in a great number. The looks of hunger, helplessness, and greed which these homeless people spare the financially stable and well-off passing by people in the hope that some of them might give them the opportunity to spend their lives in a better and decent manner simply creates a very sad and tragic atmosphere at some special spots in the park. Such particular spots are especially found full of these homeless people where some of them may even go out of control for bringing a change in their lives, like annoying the well-off park goers and irritating them very much. This observation both goes in favor and against of the highly accepted idea that majority of the homeless people think very little about bringing a good change in their lives and doing something for earning a decent living. This is because the homeless people I observed in the park liked to find a good and decent opportunity for earning a living, though some of them were also found to be very annoying and disturbing due to the amount of trouble they created for the financially stable park visitors. It is also a big reality that I found the risk of theft and crime to be fairly average in this local park, though those criminal incidents that did occur and involved theft were more often than not justly connected to these homeless people by the police forces. One very important finding by the ethnographic research made on homelessness and observing the nature of issues faced by each homeless person I interviewed during the two month period is that the health issues faced by such people often go unreported and unresolved. The risk of substance abuse is also very high among these people, which leads to ot her criminal activities like burglary, rape, and murders. The facts told by the homeless peop

As far as the critical analysis, I want you to choose an article that Assignment

As far as the critical analysis, I want you to choose an article that addresses issues families or individuals in rural communities face in regards to healthcare - Assignment Example One thinks that the author used appropriate sources of information. The policies and programs of the government mentioned in the article are relevant in the topic being discussed. The government programs that are cited give value to the ideas communicated by the author. The arguments presented are adequately supported by studies and literatures in the field of interest. Table 1 which outlined the reasons for choosing rural nursing practice and Table 2 which showed the challenges associated with rural nursing practice were helpful in driving the message that the author wishes to convey. It gives a clear picture of the state of nurses in rural communities. I find the article very meaningful because it gives me a clearer understanding about the difficulties faced by rural nurses as opposed those working in the urban areas. It made me sympathize with them regarding the challenges that they face, yet still choosing to have a career in rural areas, when they in fact have a choice. I also feel that the government must do their part in supporting these rural practitioners. Although private institutions can help through educational support for nurses, I believe that a greater part of the funding should come from the government. Rural nurses contribute a lot to the healthcare services of rural areas, especially in the absence of physicians. If the government cannot support them, the rural areas will not have access to quality healthcare service. Government should think of incentives for rural nurses so that our country can expect an increase in their number. Government should coordinate with the regional medical directors and the rural nurses themselves and conduct a needs assessment in rural areas to determine the training and professional skills needed by the nurses serving in the remote areas. Medical educational institutions must also be supportive in this area. This article has enlightened me

Attachment Disorder Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Attachment Disorder - Essay Example When we examine the word 'attachment', it provides us a vision in the realm of socio-emotional development and measures the security of infant-mother attachment that proves equally successful in documenting systematic associations between development at the end of the first year of life and subsequent functioning as late as the early school-age years (Belsky & Nezworski, 1988, p. 4). Attachment theory as defined by Bowlby from its beginning was concerned with the implications of atypical patterns of attachment as well as the formation and course of normal infant-parent relationships. In order to explain the theoretical part of attachment disorder, Bowlby formulated his ideas of personality development to explain the link between early emotional deprivation and later pathology as a guide for the diagnosis and treatment of emotionally disturbed children and families. Thus, 'attachment' acts as a tool that exists in between psychopathology and normal development. Investigations carried out in a number of laboratories suggests that infants whose relationships with their mothers can be characterized as secure as opposed to insecure using the Strange Situation paradigm generally look more competent as toddlers, preschoolers, and even as children beginning public school. This does not indicate that individual differences in the security of attachment are deterministic of later development, but rather that theoretically meaningful associations between development in infancy and later functioning have been repeatedly established in studies focusing upon socio-affective functioning. The meaning of attachment disorder associated on the basis of attachment theory stipulates that feelings of security and control when grow out of the infant-mother relationship contribute to the regulation of 'attachment affect' or 'disorder' where the establishment of other social relationships, and the child's negotiation of subsequent developmental tasks evaluate the extent to which the child is affected from the disorder. Many researchers argue that misconceptions attributed to attachment theory do not support the basic assumption of guiding attachment research in context with the relationship between mother and infant. Reactive Attachment Disorder The diagnosis of attachment disorder is based upon the scientific enquiry and is described as ICD-10, Reactive Attachment Disorder or RAD that marks the severe disorders of attachment affecting children. RAD takes place whenever the process of developing relationships starts perturbing, thereby finding it very difficult to maintain social relations. The RAD analyzes disorders that evolve from distortions in the adaptive functioning of anxiety in early development. Anxiety serves as indicator to this disorder that prompts infant distress signals and proximity-seeking behaviour that, in turn, elicits regulatory assistance from the caregiver, reducing the likelihood of harm. Thus in order to avoid RAD, separation distress may be adaptive in the context of responsive, sensitive care giving. Clinical implications of attachment disorder provide significant insight into the common foundations of typical and atypical development which can be described at multiple levels. On the

The LInux Operating System Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The LInux Operating System - Research Paper Example Thus, one can download the software and edit and make changes as per one’s requirements. This adds to the flexibility and adaptability of the operating system to user requirements. Linux is often called a derivative of UNIX, the other operating system that is character based and one that is widely used in research laboratories around the world. Linux operates in many flavors and some of the popular distributions of Linux are Fedora Core, Debian and SuSE Linux. According to many software sites, â€Å"Although there are a large number of Linux implementations, you will find a lot of similarities in the different distributions, if only because every Linux machine is a box with building blocks that you may put together following your own needs and views. Installing the system is only the beginning of a long term relationship† (Linuxtopia, 2008). Thus, one can install Linux and build on top of it or use it in any way possible according to one’s needs. Linux is an operating system, a software program that controls your computer. Linux traces its evolution to a mainframe operating system called Multics (Multiplexed Information and Computing Service). UNIX was developed by two Bell Labs software engineers who during their spare time used to play a game called Space Travel. Sometimes they used to find themselves without the operating system by which they could play their favorite game. Thus, the two software engineers, Ken Thompson and Dennis Ritchie developed the game to play on an otherwise unused PDP-7 computer. This was the origin of UNIX that was a precursor to Linux. Once the UNIX operating system began to be widely used and freely available, AT&T decided to license it and this led to its claiming a huge license fee for UNIX and it secured the intellectual property rights for UNIX. Once UNIX was no longer a freeware, a MIT scientist called Richard Stallman began what is known as the GNU (Or Not Unix) operating system and started to make it available under the

Strategy and marketing Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4750 words

Strategy and marketing - Assignment Example The aluminium process is a part of Al Groups portfolio. Al group al puts Powder Coating on aluminium profiles for building industry. The company develops relationships with the stakeholders over a long time with an informal communication. The Group will be expanding both internationally and locally. Price is the basic element for dictating who will get the contract for powder coating and extruding the profiles. The company usually manages to beat its competition yet recommends competition if it thinks that it cannot manage the workload. So by doing this we have won the trust of our customers. Time is another critical factor in delivering the product according to specs in this industry. Quality is the pride of the company and it is the one and only company in Kuwait that has ‘Qualicoat’ status. Suppliers of the company have regular communications with stock room’s managers. Recently the management has also intervened in processing in order to cut down on the waste. ALUMINIUM POWDER COATING LINE In case of aluminium powder coating the steps that were followed included the customer comparing the price with the competition that Al Group faced and then placing an order either to them or to their competition. After the placement of the order the time was to be analysed for the manufacturing process. After this the powder coat was to be applied and then the specs like cutting of the profiles and the final finishing was to be done that includes the cleaning and the quality control check etc. So if the product passed the quality control test it was shipped within a day otherwise it was reworked. Figure 1 Aluminium Powder Coating Process PROCESS AT AL GROUP ALUMINIUM The old...Total employee commitment can be only possibly be attained after the aspect of fear is driven out from the workplace, which is very important in the case of Al. One fundamental TQM part is focus on process thinking. Process thinking is a procedure that takes inputs from the supp liers and then transforms them into the outputs that are then delivered to the customers. An integrated system needs to be installed. Everyone in the company must understand the mission, guiding principles of quality policies, vision of the company and also the critical processes of the organization. Communication is one very important thing that this company should also keep in mind if it wants to maintain its heights of success. A proper, open and clear communication channel promotes in maintain the high morale of the workers and also keeps them motivated and satisfied all the time. It is strongly recommended that every member of the organisation should be committed towards the process of change. It cannot be referred as the new flavour of the month, but instead of this it should be an exciting life changing process (Zimmerman, Steinmann and Schueler, 1996). Too often enthusiasm of people wanes when they understand that the process of change in an organisation is not possible to occur overnight. People should pledge their support in the objective analysis of their job procedures and functions, and seek innovative and new ways to develop them. If necessary, inspirational speakers must be employed to stimulate and motivate the staff to a new attitude of commitment.

Sustainable Design Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Sustainable Design - Essay Example The balancing of these aspects in the new product development design is the outlook of 'Sustainable product development and design'. "To create sustainable products and services that increase stakeholders' 'quality of life', whilst at the same time achieving major reductions in resource and energy use, will require a significant emphasis on stimulating new ideas through higher levels of creativity and innovation"- e generation Business Learning Centre. Thus it becomes evident that creating new designs may need increased creativity as well as the fullest involvement form the varied strata of people, if new solutions and designs are to be generated which will substantiate the Sustainable Product Design Development. In general 'sustainable development' is to be seen as a basic human concept dealing with the kind of environment the people would like to live in. Sustainable development is a strong image but a provocative one. The best place to get good suggestions on the sustained development is the 'customers'. Many companies have forgotten to talk to customers but have focused inwardly on the technological and improvements required for, primarily eco-design using less energy and less components etc. In many cases such suggestions may not be the right solution but nevertheless, it can be demonstrated that new ideas can reach marketplace if the conditions are right." Quite understandably, the majority of people do not understand the academic concept of sustainable development. Indeed, research for the Department of Environment in the UK, indicated that sustainable development was seen as a government construct to keep people out of environmental issues" Martin Charter and Anne Chick (1997). Keepi ng this context in view, this paper attempts to cover an overview of creation of new sustainable product designs to manufacture products, services and product service systems in so far they address economical, social and environmental issues. This paper also aims to have a re-look in to the past, study the present and suggest possible future solutions to the impact of product design on these issues. 2.0 SUSTAINABLE PRODUCT DESIGN-ECONOMICAL ISSUES As we described at the outset, good design and good business go hand-in-hand. The best challenge in business that a firm may face is to arrive at an exact product design even at the first instance so that the rushing to be first to the market will not result in design flaws and the resultant poor performance of the product. This may totally negate any advantage resulting to the firm because of its efficient and quicker 'time to market'. "An effective design process: Matches product or service characteristics with customer requirements Ensures that customer requirements are met in the simplest and less costly manner Reduces the time required to design a new product or service and Minimize the revisions necessary to make a design workable." - (Roberta S. Russell & Bernard W. Taylor III 2003) All the above objectives flow only in one direction; that is to maximize the benefit of the value design. All forces in an organization work in cognition to align themselves with the common aim of achieving market share, sales volume, brand reputation, customer loyalty, profit margin and channel growth and so on. A careful analysis of these

The Personalisation Agenda Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 8000 words

The Personalisation Agenda - Dissertation Example In the same year, a concordat was issued between central government, local government and the social care sector. The document is entitled â€Å"Putting People First: A Shared Vision and Commitment to the Transformation of Adult Social Care (2007)† and through it the idea of a personalised adult social care system was first introduced. The plan called for affording people maximum choice and control over the health care and services they receive. The plan dovetails a more broad-based government strategy that included the notion of â€Å"place-shaping† and other concepts contained in the local government white paper â€Å"Strong and Prosperous Communities† (2006). In the 2008 Carers’ Strategy, the New Deal has advanced the initiatives of integrated and personalised services. Carers called for recognition of their work and expertise, better service coordination and information, improved collaboration between staff and agencies, and health and social care. The Carers’ Strategy was arrived at after a wide consultation and with the cooperation and agreement of various government departments. Many of the themes articulated in recent developments in the personalisation agenda are not new, having been contained in the community care reforms under the National Health Service and Community Care Act of 1990. These reforms aimed to develop a needs-led approach wherein new arrangements for assessment and health care management would include individuals receiving tailored packages of care rather than block-contracted services. The practical advantage in the development of individual or personal budgets is the direct payments scheme, initially made available to disabled adults of working age, but since then has been extended to other groups. The success of the scheme covered some 54,000 individuals as of March 2007, including parents who cared for disabled children and young carers, who used direct payments. The use of direct payments actuall y came about as an initiative championed by disabled people. Among the driving forces behind direct payments were the service user movement, the mental health survivor movement, and the social model of disability, which originally took root in the 1970s when people first lobbied for change. Throughout the development of personalisation, key concepts included independent living, participation, control, choice and empowerment. 2.2 The Social Model of Disability The social model of disability was developed in the 1970s by progressive members of the Union of the Physically Impaired Against Segregation (UPIAS), and given academic validity by the works of Finkelstein (1981), Barnes (1991) and Oliver (1996) (cited in Shakespeare & Watson, 2002). The model is now described as the â€Å"ideological litmus test of disability politics in Britain† (Shakespeare & Watson, 2002). It is relied upon when distinguishing among organisations, policies, legislations and concepts regarding the pro gressive view of disability. The core definition of the British social model was first articulated in the UPIAS document â€Å"Fundamental Principles of Disability.† An edited version that was reprinted in Oliver (1996) and Shakespeare and Watson (2002) is reproduced here, for purposes of elucidation, as follows: â€Å"†¦In our view, it is society which disables physically impaired people. Disability is something imposed on top of our

Quality of Life Essay Example for Free

Quality of Life Essay Twenty first century is witnessing a world that has become an increasingly diverse and complex place. Changing global trends are causing a paradigm transformation of social and cultural systems. Western societies are experiencing an accelerated aging and people in general have evolved a misconception about today’s elderly. They are perceived as being sick, isolated, self-centred and a burden on society, which is totally false. There is a need to develop social cohesion between generations and within the older generation to understand the matter in correct perspective. An effort has been made in this paper to focus on this key issue and highlight the importance of inter and intragenerational relationships to quality of life to older people. The present demographic profile of the United Kingdom reflects a number of consistent and marked trends. People are living increasingly longer, the birth rate is showing a steady decline and the mean age is increasing steadily. By 2031, the over 80s population is predicted to double to 5 million, according to the Office of National Statistics. If the health of the elderly population follows current trends that will mean people spend more of their lives fighting various illnesses. Since 1981, the amount of time women can expect to live in poor health has increased by 15%. For men, the length of poor health rose by 34% (Triggle, 2004). Besides health, older people face the mobility problems, poor transport and lack of finance. Car usage declines with age and varies by sex. 77 per cent of men and 64 per cent of women aged 65-74 in 2001 in Great Britain had access to automobiles (National Statistics, 2006). Today, we can observe a significant change in family structures. The realignment of family ethos has caused varying degrees of separation between the young and old members of families and affected familial relationships negatively. As people age and their working lives end, they may have more free time available to spend in a social circle. Barriers of older life further enhance the necessity to promote inter and intragenerational relationships. This paper scrutinizes the various dimensions of quality of life at old age. It overviews the factors affecting quality of life and highlight the significance of relationships at old age. Components of Quality of Life  Quality of life is a wide ranging term. The Department for Work and Pensions of UK (2006) identifies five domains as the most relevant to assessing progress in older people’s quality of life: 1) Independence within inclusive communities. 2) Healthy, active living. 3) Fairness in work and later life. 4) Material well-being. 5) Support and care. Independence within inclusive communities necessitates to address issues like exercising independence, exercising choices that give them control over key aspects of their lives, and participation in local community through inter and intragenerational relationships. Health and active living deals with problems like access to healthcare proportionate to older peoples needs. Fairness in work and later life encompasses factors like job opportunities, involvement in decisions that affect their lives, and no age discrimination in access to goods, services and employment. Material wellbeing includes sustaining key elements of their previous lifestyle, and using their resources to best effect. Support and care encompasses the supply of care and support, availability of support in a variety of forms to meet diverse needs, affordable care, and protection to older people from abuse. Factors Affecting Quality of Life of Older People Good quality of life in old age is a realistic ambition for all. Early old age, sometimes called the Third Age, between 55 and 75 years old, is the phase of life between leaving the labour market and the onset of physical dependency. There are a number of factors that affect quality of life at this age. A research study carried out by Dr Blane (2003) concluded that quality of life for the affluent-healthy is higher than for the deprived-sick. Having control over when and when not to work has a significant bearing on quality of life. Then the quality and density of a persons social network was more important than the number of people in the network. Importance of Intergenerational and Intragenerational Relationships to Quality of Life The term generation has a numerous contemporary meanings, incorporating biological, familial and social factors (Back, 1987). An intergenerational perspective (between and across generations) highlights the reciprocal obligations, rights and influences between different generations. An intragenerational perspective identifies similar age groups and the succession of individuals who are distinguished by the bounds of a society and set apart by time and common experience (Fredriksen, 1993). Historically, within the UK, there had been a strong tradition of the young learning from the old in their role as respected elders or through structures such as apprenticeship schemes and trade guilds (Hatton, 2002). Significance of intergenerational relationships is evident from a survey which reports that to the elderly, welfare of children and grandchildren is twice as more important than their own health and money (Roy, 1999). Older parents have always been providing financial support in the forms of donations, gifts and regular monetary contributions to their children. They are also important sources of instrumental support (shopping, cleaning, home maintenance, childcare) and emotional support (advice, validation) for their children (Bengtson, Rosenthal Burton, 1990). Many elderly people continue to provide support for adult children and the provision of a home for one’s children can extend well beyond middle age (Evandrou, Falkingham, Rake Scott, 2001). Living arrangements are a key dimension of quality of life and well-being in old age. Older people living alone are more likely to enter an institution than those living with other people (Breeze, Slogett Fletcher, 1999). Involvement of older persons in local communities contributes to their quality of life, as well as to the functioning of the community. The relationship between different groups of older persons is therefore very crucial in maintaining the quality of life (UN-Economic and Social Council, 2002). Altered patterns of mortality and fertility have made intergenerational structures in the family more â€Å"top heavy† and vertically extended. While horizontal, intragenerational ties are shrinking, vertical ties across generations are more complex and durable than ever before in history (UN-Department of Economic and Social Affairs, 2005). Importance of social groups and networks in later part of life is quite evident from a research study carried out in Scotland (Philip, Gilbert, Mauthner and Phimister, 2003). The participant observations and questionnaires have provided useful insights into the levels and types of participation in social groups among older people in the study area. The report finds that there is high level of participation and involvement in social groups amongst older people (aged over 60). As a whole, respondents attended 68 wide-ranging types of groups including civic participation (e. g. local government), voluntary activities (e. g. Red Cross; Meals on Wheels), friendship, social, leisure, religious, cultural, heritage and special interest groups. Those aged in their seventies and early eighties were the most likely to be involved in social activities Another study summarises that older people preferred the company of others, had a higher level of contact with friends and lower levels of psychological problems (McKee, 2002). In 2002 around three in ten men aged 80 and over and nearly one in five women in England said they owned a mobile phone. Use of mobile phones and the Internet helps older people to remain independent by making it easier for them to communicate with their family and friends or to access public and commercial services (National Statistics, 2006). Conclusion Society in the UK is changing. More people are living longer in greater prosperity. In the next decade, the numbers over 50, over 65 and over 80 will all increase to levels never seen before. We need a coherent strategy to manage that demographic change. Elaborate and diligent plans are required to enable older persons to continue to participate fully in all aspects of life. For a better quality of life, we need to promote the development of a society for all ages through the strengthening of intergenerational and intragenerational solidarity. Young generations have responsibilities and a special role in building a society for all ages. Older generations have equal role to play.

Thomas Hobbes Essay Example for Free

Thomas Hobbes Essay The philosophy of Thomas Hobbes, especially that of his major work, Leviathan, is designed to understand the motives of human nature and, from these, seek the surest way to civil peace. This is one of the earliest examples of a â€Å"scientific† method of understanding political science in that the commonwealth was to be built on a handful of axioms, all deriving from what Hobbes considered facts of human nature (cf. Matthews, 118). The nature of these axioms leading to civil peace is the purpose of this present essay. The primary understanding of human nature that, if applied properly, would lead to social peace is that human beings desire power. This is nearly identical to Machiavelli’s approach to politics. It seems that in both Hobbes and Machiavelli, human beings desire power, and hence, develop â€Å"moral† systems that justify the present holding or seeking of power (Morgan, 528-530, and 581-582). But the nature of this axiom is that people are naturally programmed to seek power and no matter of moral suasion will stop this. Hobbes wants to begin from a single concept and build upon it rather than attempt to suppress it, since any attempt at suppression itself proves the axiom correct. If human nature is taken seriously rather than covered over with metaphysical theories, then peace might be the consequent: human beings must be taken as they are, not as one might want them to be. If the above axiom is true, that is, people desire power, than many other axioms follow from it. The first axiom that follows from the first is that reason is a slave to the passions (Morgan, 641). Reason, in other words, cannot provide ends, but merely means, and significantly, justifications after the fact. Appealing to reason is hence, not appropriate with such a view of humanity, and only the appeal to passion will work here. Passion is nothing that can be suppressed, but it can be controlled. Passion is the engine of human nature in a similar sense that hunks of matter in a vacuum will continue in constant morion unless acted upon by another force. This is an exact parallel to Hobbes here, and the only opposing force to passionate human motion is other human beings, and hence, the problem: humans are constantly, following from this, in a state of war. What makes this state of war particularly harsh is that the abilities of human beings as individuals, or organizing into groups, are roughly equal (Morgan, 591). This means that the war of all against all will continue constantly, with no clear winner. Any â€Å"winner† will be only a temporary winner, and will soon be dethroned by another faction. The fact of equality is not something here taken from observation, but from a deduction from â€Å"atomic† theory (or at least, the theories of matter current at the time), where atoms, in their basic structure, are all the same. Matter is matter, energy is energy, humans are humans. From the above, it follows that human beings are determined. Free will, to an extent, is rejected in Hobbes. For him, liberty is the ability to do what one wills without outside opposition (Morgan, 621). This is consistent with determinism in that the will must have a reason, that is, a cause, for having the desire it has and bringing it to fruition. Hence, man is determined, but since he does what he wants, he is thus free. This just underscores the fact that reason is impotent to being about peace, only the passions can be appealed to in that the constant clashing of wills and the frustration of one’s freedom as Hobbes describes it is constant warfare. From the above, Hobbes deduces that humanity is egocentric, power hungry and willful, and as a result, without some countervailing power, is in a constant state of warfare. The nature of this countervailing power is the real centerpiece of the Leviathan. The general point is that if humanity can be reduced to a few, simple, clear axioms that follow logically from one another, as any good scientific theory should do, then the state, the countervailing power that keeps these human â€Å"atoms† in line relative to one another, should also be simple, unified and follow logically from the axioms about human nature. Hence, Hobbes is seeking to be completely scientific and a â€Å"realist† about both humanity and the state that they will live under in order to reach peace. At this point in the logical progression, it seems impossible to live in a state of peace. Human beings are depicted as lustful, egocentric and equal beings constantly in a state of motion and hence, clashing with all other peoples, essentially hunks of matter in motion, connected to an almost arbitrary engine of passion. But it is the Leviathan that will bring this peace, and it is passion that it will use to justify itself and bring peace to the commonwealth. Hobbes describes humanity prior to all law and custom, that is, the â€Å"law of nature. † The primary motive force of humanity is power, considered generally. But if warfare is a constant feature of the â€Å"state of nature,† then the drive for power for each and all is constantly being frustrated. It seems logical to hold that eventually, these egocentric people will constantly see their designs thwarted and their purposes constantly harmed y others. From this, all those that seek power, that is, everyone, will be forced to come to some agreement, a â€Å"covenant† among themselves that will provide a measure of peace so that the power struggle can continue in more peaceful channels. This is the nature of the covenant (Morgan, 594). This agreement comes not about through reason, but through the constant frustration of passion. Reason is a means to an end, and power is always that end. But power cannot be had in the state of nature given its constantly shifting nature, and therefore, reason then acts as a slave to passion and demands some kind of agreement, a contract that will bring peace. The nature of this covenant must follow from the facts of human nature outlined above. Hence, it cannot really be a parliamentary democracy because that merely leaves the state of nature intact, one faction constantly unseating another, leading to the same chaos as before. The kind of state that is agreed upon is basically a dictatorship of a party that must act equally between individuals and factions within the society. All power is hence transferred to the state, the dictatorship, and in return, this power is used to keep the warring factions from destroying each other. The only real demand laid on the state is that of objectivity in judging among the factions, and hence, the state must ultimately be a monarchy (of sorts), equidistant from all centers of power in society and hence, able to judge among them fairly (Morgan, 613). Putting this differently, if power is the desire of all individuals and factions, then it follows that the state exists solely for security (Morgan, 606). If humanity is described in axiomatic terms all following one from another, and the state is itself part of this logical progression, then it also follows that the nature of the state’s action also must follow from the above. This means that the state is unitary, dedicated to one purpose and based on a rule of law that is simple and dedicated entirely to security and, according to the contract, treats all individuals and factions as morally equal to one another (Morgan, 641). The logical structure of the Leviathan comes down to working out contradictions in the axiomatic description of human beings. If human beings desire power and cannot get it in the state of nature, then a powerful state must be crated that permits humanity to live and seek after power through peaceful means. But since no faction will permit one group to rule at the expense of all others, the state must be single, focused and based on an agreed upon set of laws (a â€Å"constitution†) that enshrines this concept of political equality. Only then can all factions agree to give up their violent ways to the central authority. Since human beings are egocentric and passionate, the state based on the rule of law agreed to by all factions beforehand follows logically. The terms â€Å"peace† and â€Å"justice† are used here in highly technical and scientific ways that part radically with previous attempts to define and justify these words. Peace, according to Hobbes, is merely the absence of war (Morgan, 592). It simply is a state of affairs that permits power hungry individuals to pursue their designs in a peaceful manner. Any breach of this peace will, ideally, lead to swift and harsh action from the state that they have empowered to keep watch over their actions. Justice is similar in that it is based on knowledge. The early parts of the Leviathan are based on a scientific method, a means of coming to know human nature as generally and simply as possible. Justice just flows from this. Ultimately, justice derives from science, which is the knowledge of good and evil (Morgan, 603). In practice, this merely means that humans are attracted by the same set of things, and recoil from the same set of things. If power and what it implies are seen in the former, then the frustration of their liberty (as defined above) is what repels them. This knowledge alone allows one to see the basis and ultimate justice of the state. Hence, justice is defined accordingly, as the ability of the person, or, at last, the state, to control the passions of the population when they threaten to disrupt the precarious balance of peace in the commonwealth (Morgan, 599-600). But this is understood by all who are punished by the state in that they have agreed to this on the basis that their own liberty is endlessly obstructed by others in the state of nature. But, as a final thought, this is the very nature of one’s civic duty–to eliminate all private desires and to follow the laws as laid down by the sovereign and agreed upon by those who have demanded these laws (Morgan, 610-611). Duty is not something that is arrived at through reason, but through the passionate desire for power. It is frustrated in the state of nature, but permitted to function freely under the rule of law. There is no â€Å"thick† view of civic duty here, but rather, the control over one’s passions in the interest of those same passions, to permit them to develop in peace. The desire for peace derives from the identical desire for power, except that this desire is frustrated in a state of war. This is what makes Hobbes compelling: the approach to politics could not be simpler. The concept of civic duty is summed up by Hobbes as the act of giving up â€Å"governing oneself† (Morgan, 608), and permitting the more violent elements of one’s passion to be governed by the state only. What is left to the person is the peaceful pursuit of his passionate desires. Politically speaking, the commonwealth is that entity that exists for the sake of peace and security by the efficient control of the private desires of the people involved. In its place, the public will as expressed by the laws of the sovereign so far as they do not violate the very simple terms of the contract. In conclusion, the nature of peace and civic duty for Hobbes are two sides of the same coin. The public persona of the person in the commonwealth is as a public entity, a person dedicated to civic peace and dedicated to the elimination of all personal desires relative to other members of the community. The final end, according to Hobbes’ own description is the pursuit of power by peaceful means, engaging in commerce, etc. The sovereign is the public persona and serves to maintain this persona within the personalities of all involved.

Science of Epidemiology

Science of Epidemiology Edward Truelove EPIDEMIOLOGY Introduction This assignment will identify and explain what epidemiology is and describe how epidemiologists collect and analyse specific data. It will then identify a number of aspects of the science and then look a disease and see how epidemiologists data was used to influence health promotion. What is Epidemiology? Epidemiology is the ‘science concerned with the study of the factors determining and influencing the frequency and distribution of disease, injury, and other health-related events and their causes in a defined human population. Also, the sum of knowledge gained in such a study. There are two main types of Epidemiology. The first one is descriptive which describes the occurrence of the disease according to people, place and time and the second is analytic which determines the causation, risk factors for health, disease and association. Descriptive epidemiology describes and investigates the scale of the problem. This is the amount of people that have developed or caught the disease over a specified period. e.g. in 2004 there were 44,659 cases of newly diagnosed breast cancer in the UK. From this epidemiologists would look at the prevalence, the number of people that have the disease or condition at any particular time. e.g. the number of people who are regular smokers within a specified time period. The next factor is to look at how the condition is spread. This is done by analysing categories such as age, gender, socioeconomic class and ethnicity e.g. women from lower social classes are much more likely to smoke than women in higher social classes. Examples of questions asked to collect this data are as follows: What are the health problems? How many people are affected? Who is affected? Which communities are affected and why? What are the trends? Answers to these questions can indicate if primary prevention is possible and it can show the seriousness of the problem and how individuals and communities may be affected. Analytical epidemiology aims to answer the question, why did it happen? This is done by identifying and determining the causes and risk factors for health and disease. Comparisons have to be made between groups with or without the disease and between groups exposed and not exposed to a possible causal factor. Causation can show if there is a link from a certain disease to environmental influences, lifestyle or socioeconomic factors. To find the cause, epidemiologists can use inferential statistics to draw inferences about apopulationfrom arandom sample. From analysing the results and assessing the risks, a link between events and contributory factors can be draw and this can vary from negligible to high. Assessing the needs and analysing the data The first step in planning health promotion is to assess the needs and this consists of two elements. Firstly are the health service needs, which are determined from health data such as occurrence, frequency, mortality and morbidity. Secondly is the community determined needs covering issues that individuals and communities have brought to the attention of the local authority, politicians and letters etc. Sometimes these two elements overlap but it is important to identify which are priorities for communities. Health data is analysed according to who has been affected and this shows which communities are affected the most so that resources can be allocated. From this information about prevention begin. Prevention Primary prevention consists of trying to keep people healthy and free from disease such as immunization and encouragement of healthy lifestyles. Secondary prevention tries to identify the disease and persuade people to go for treatment at the earliest opportunity. Examples could be a cough that could lead to tuberculosis or a fever that could lead to influenza. In some conditions once the disease has developed it can often be too late, so one of the key roles of health promotion is to encourage screening i.e. breast cancer. Tertiary prevention involves actions if the disease has become very serious. This is to promote recovery and focus on rehabilitation to help speed the recovery. An example of primary prevention would be lung cancer as it is know what causes it, but it is not suitable for breast cancer as the causes are not yet known. Prevention can only take place if the causes can be established. Causes Epidemiologists need to establish causes and to look at many factors such as the environment, society and individuals. They also need to find out what causes the cause as there can be a whole chain of causal factors triggering a chain of events. These study designs are used for finding out possible causes, although they do not prove causal relationships as they just look at associations. There are two types of analytical study designs. The first is group one which are used for finding out possible causes. Ecological studies compare studies of a particular disease in different communities to try to ascertain the cause. Cross-sectional studies sample a section of society at one particular time to see if there are common characteristics between people. Case control studies compare a sample of people with a disease to a sample without and a conclusion can be drawn to see if characteristics are more likely to be found in people with the disease. Group two analytical studies are stronger design studies which are used to provide evidence for causal relationships. Cohort studies, also known as prospective or longitudinal studies are when a large sample of the population is followed over a long period of time to monitor their lifestyle and exposure to the risks. From this, the incidence of the disease can be followed to look for causal risks. Examples of this are following a sample of the population for fifty years to see if there is a link between smoking and lung cancer. Intervention study involves exposing a random selection of people to a health promotion trial to find out if the if intervention has health benefits and then to compare the results to a group of people who have not. Results can be analysed to establish if there are key variable such as income, age, distribution, etc. Relative or attributable risk provides a measure of the strength of a causal relationship. Decisions can be made from this as to how many lives c ould be saved if the causal factor was removed. Epidemiologists have also to work out which are confounding factors, ones that can appear to be associated with a disease but are not a causal. From all the information and studies undertaken there has to be a systematic review to identify which studies have strong conclusions. From the evidence, reasons can be worked out for showing the causes of health problems and disease and an action plan for health promotion can be set out. Epidemiology is an essential key discipline in health promotion and unless the specific factors that cause a health problem are identified, action cannot be taken to prevent it and promote health. Swine flu and Epidemiology What are the health problems? In the case of swine flu, dry cough, sore throat, headache and fatigue are the most common associated symptoms. Typically patients will have a fever over 38C. Most people recover in a week without any specific treatment. How many are affected In swine flu the number of cases in the UK rose quickly after the first established cases in Scotland. By May 312009, there were 252 confirmed cases in the UK.Seventy of these had been to Mexico or the US seven days prior to infection, and 178 reported that they had not been abroad. Who is affected? In the case of swine flu, in the first months of its outbreak in the UK, it mostly affected young people, and was most commonly spread through contact at schools. These findingsare based on an analysis ofthe first 252 cases of the disease diagnosed in the UK after news of the virus broke What are the trends? Of the 168 who contracted the infection it was established the likely place of viral transmission: 60% had been acquired in school; 25% from a household environment; 8% in the community; 1% (two cases) acquired in the workplace; Less than 1% (one case) in a healthcare environment; 5% acquired elsewhere. (nhs.uk) Which communities are affected and why? People of all genders and ages, including infants and the elderly were developing the disease equally. Due to a larger proportion of younger people travelling abroad and being in contact with younger people, the average age of the first 252 infected people was 20 years. Of the 178 first cases in the UK, 22% reported contact with someone who had developed the infection overseas (secondary infection) and 70% reported contact with a secondary case. 7% were not aware that they had contacted anyone (nhs.uk) Influence on health promotion The disease was first identified in Mexico in April 2009 and quickly spread round the globe. Initially the HNS had to make the public aware of the health problems through the media and do everything to contain the disease such as closing schools. After a while it was classed as a pandemic and moved from a containment status to treatment status. Generally the disease was fairly mild and was usually more serious in patients with other health problems. Part of the health promotion campaign was to offer antiviral medicines, Tamiflu or Relenza. Another step was to identify who and which communities are affected, and those people that are in high risk groups, as they are more likely to develop to complications. Vulnerable people are those who have lung disease, heart disease, kidney disease, liver disease, neurological disease and diabetes. Also at risk are people who have had drug treatment, pregnant women, people over 65 and children under five. A health promotion campaign through the Television and media was used to make these particular groups aware of the potential risks. Swine flu vaccination began in October 2009 The NHS issued information to the public to stop the disease spreading such as good respiratory and hand hygiene i.e. sneezing into a tissue and putting it a bin and to wash your hands and work surfaces at home regularly. Other public health information includes a National Pandemic Flu website and telephone number for the public to call for any information. The public were asked to call their GP if they had flu like symptoms and particularly if they had a serious condition that weakens your immune system, if they are pregnant, have a sick child under one or if the condition suddenly gets worse. The Service assesses the symptoms and if required will provide authorisation to collect antiviral medicine. Carers also have been identified as at risk as they come into contact with the most vulnerable in the community and steps have been taken in the second phase of vaccination to protected them from the risk of infection Conclusion The science of epidemiology involves elements of biology, social sciences and ecology and it is therefore it is a bio-social-environmental science focusing on disease in populations. Epidemiology is a key discipline in Health Promotion as is analyses specific factors of a disease. From this data action can be taken to prevent the disease spreading and promote health i.e. smoking and lung cancer, asbestos and cancer, alcohol and liver disease. However, mistakes can be made as some diseases such as heart disease have many influential factors including diet, exercise, smoking, blood pressure and genetic history. Epidemiology is a population science and investigations of health problems in populations have been very important for public health. Its techniques in examining the disease patterns between populations have been widely applied and there is no consensus of the best means to measure health. As epidemiology is a study of populations it does not tailor health promotion needs for the individual and quite often complicated data and government health warnings such ‘eat five portions of fruit and vegetables a day can be largely ignored by a sceptical public, and therefore destructive activities still persist. This report has identified what epidemiology is and explained how epidemiologists assess the spread of illness and analyse data collected. It has also listed aspects of epidemiology and stated how they have an influence on health promotion. References Cancer Research (2009) [Online], Available at: http://info.cancerresearchuk.org/cancerstats/types/lung/incidence/index.htm 1 ( (Accessed 22 Nov 2009) Hubley, H. and Copeman, J. (2008) Practical Health Promotion, Polity Press: Cambridge. Naidoo, J. and Wills, J. (2009) Foundations for Health Promotion, 3rd Edn, Bailliere Tindall: London. Naidoo, J. and Wills, J. (2008) Public Health and Health Promotion, 2nd Edn, Bailliere Tindall: London. NHS (2009), [Online], Available at: http://www.nhs.uk/news/2009/07July/Pages/Swinefluearlyepidemiology.aspx 1 (Accessed 2 Dec 2009) NHS (2009), [Online], Available at: http://www.nhs.uk/conditions/pandemic-flu/Pages/Introduction.aspx?WT.srch=1 (Accessed 2 Dec 2009)

Etiology of HIV-Associated Dementia :: Biology Essays Research Papers

Etiology of HIV-Associated Dementia The etiologic agents of the neurologic disease associated with HIV and AIDS are many. Opportunistic infections- cryptococcus, toxoplasmosis, cytomegalovirus, are a few of the organic causes of neurologic disease in AIDS patients, but will not be the main focus of this paper. The human immunodeficiency virus in itself is implicated in much of the neurological manifestations of the disease, and it is the effects of the presence of the virus within the central nervous system which is of interest to me in this paper. With the advent of more effective highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and thus increased life span of people with AIDS, neurological disorders are becoming a hot topic in AIDS research. In the early days of the epidemic, those infected with the virus could only hope to live for a short time before developing the symptoms of full blown AIDS, and death ensued shortly afterwards. The progress made in treatment in the past two decades has prolonged the lives of people with AIDS, to the point where diagnosis is no longer a sign of imminent debilitation and death, but rather an acknowledgement of a possible long road ahead with the aid of drug cocktails. There is also a strong possibility that the HIV infected person may develop HIV associated dementia after years of living with the disease (1). HIV associated dementia (HAD) is comprised of a spectrum of conditions from the mild HIV-1 motor cognitive-motor disorder to severe and debilitating AIDS dementia complex. Symptoms begin with motor slowing (2), and may progress to severe loss of cognitive function, loss of bladder and bowel control, and paraparesis . A classification system has been formulated for HIV associated dementia: Stage 0: Normal Stage 0.5: Subclinical or Equivocal Minimal or equivocal symptoms. Mild (soft) neurological signs. No impairment of work or activities of daily living (ADL). Stage 1: Mild Unequivocal intellectual or motor impairment. Able to do all but the most demanding work or ADL. Stage 2: Moderate Cannot work or perform demanding ADL. Capable of self-care. Ambulatory, but may need a single prop. Stage 3: Severe Major intellectual disability, or Cannot walk unassisted. Stage 4: End-Stage Nearly vegetative. 3. Disease may result from the direct presence of the virus in the central nervous system, toxins released from the virus, the body's immunological responses, or any number of other factors. Studies have found that non physiological levels of cytokines in the brain may have an effect of enhancing replication of HIV 3.

Virginia Wolf :: essays research papers

TEST NO. 1, QUESTION 1   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In Virginia Woolf’s two passages describing two very opposite meals that was served at the men’s college and the other at the women’s college; reflects Woolf’s attitude toward women’s place in society.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When Woolf describes her meal at the men’s college she describes in such a way that implies luxury and choice. The syntax and diction work with Woolf to possess this tone, â€Å"many, various, rewards, succulent, and heaven† all contribute to Woolf’s view on men. The implication is she sees that men are of superiority to women further more the fact that men have choices in means is parallel with the idea that they have choices in society a la voting.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The description of the women’s meal could be summed up in one word, plain. Syntactically there are many examples promoting the simplicity of women in society at the time. For the excerpt to open with, â€Å"Here was my soup,† shows the monosyllabic words being used and the simplicity of the sentence all imply just that of women’s roll in society; simple, short-lived, and unimportant. The sentence, â€Å"the plate was plain . . . transparent . . . no pattern,† just so does a painter thinks of his canvas of white – colorless. The quote reinforces that idea also illustrating that to use the plain ties in with women and their roll in society.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The behavior mentioned in the women’s excerpt, â€Å"everyone scraped their chairs back; the swing-doors swung violently to and fro.† The women being described are women who are careless of the way they carry themselves due to their place in society where they cannot do nothing but be a lady. Virginia Wolf :: essays research papers TEST NO. 1, QUESTION 1   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In Virginia Woolf’s two passages describing two very opposite meals that was served at the men’s college and the other at the women’s college; reflects Woolf’s attitude toward women’s place in society.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When Woolf describes her meal at the men’s college she describes in such a way that implies luxury and choice. The syntax and diction work with Woolf to possess this tone, â€Å"many, various, rewards, succulent, and heaven† all contribute to Woolf’s view on men. The implication is she sees that men are of superiority to women further more the fact that men have choices in means is parallel with the idea that they have choices in society a la voting.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The description of the women’s meal could be summed up in one word, plain. Syntactically there are many examples promoting the simplicity of women in society at the time. For the excerpt to open with, â€Å"Here was my soup,† shows the monosyllabic words being used and the simplicity of the sentence all imply just that of women’s roll in society; simple, short-lived, and unimportant. The sentence, â€Å"the plate was plain . . . transparent . . . no pattern,† just so does a painter thinks of his canvas of white – colorless. The quote reinforces that idea also illustrating that to use the plain ties in with women and their roll in society.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The behavior mentioned in the women’s excerpt, â€Å"everyone scraped their chairs back; the swing-doors swung violently to and fro.† The women being described are women who are careless of the way they carry themselves due to their place in society where they cannot do nothing but be a lady.

Essay --

1. Definition of Acid and Bases: 1.1 Arrhenius definition of acid and base: Arrhenius Acid: The substance or a compound which gives H+ ions in aqueous solution Arrhenius base: Base is a substance or compound that produces OH- ions in aqueous solutions. Chemists have known for some time that the H+ ion doesn’t exist in aqueous solutions as an independent species. The modernized Arrhenius definition of acid is that they are substances that produce H3O+ ions in aqueous solutions. It did not take longer for chemist to find other problems with the Arrhenius definition. In practical terms, the OH- ion is far from being the only base. 1.2 Bronsted-Lowry definition: Bronsted-Lowery definitions acid and a base, consider the net ionic equation for any Arrhenius acid-base reaction in water: H3O+ + OH- 2H2O When it reacts, the H3O+ ion gives up a proton, passing it to the OH- ion. This means that H3O+ is a Bronsted-Lowry acid in this reaction. The OH- in turn accepts the proton, making it a Bronsted-Lowry base. The advantages of the Bronsted-Lowry definitions are that they cover acids and bases other than H3O+ and OH- .Consider: HSO4- + PO43- SO4- + HPO42- During this reaction the HSO4- ion donates a proton and is therefore an acid. The reaction ion turns the HSO4- ion into the SO4- ion. The PO43- ion becomes the HPO4- ion during the same reaction. That is, the PO43- ion accepts a proton, which means that it is acting as a base. 1.2.1 Bronsted-Lowery Acid-Base Reactions: Conjugate Acids and Bases: Conjugate Acid: When a proton (not a hydrogen atom or â€Å"hydrogen† but a proton, H+) is added to a molecule or ion, its conjugate acid forms. Exampl... ...near to neutral if not that particular drug or medicine may cause irritation in body tissues. †¢ Fermentation process requires a specific pH for the best results. The pH during a fermentation process changes by itself due to fermentation process so buffer play important role in controlling this pH change. †¢ Buffers are also used in foods to maintain the acidity of the food in order to preserve the flavour and appearance of food. †¢ Dyes in textile industries play an important role in giving colour to different fabrics. Colour strength of dyes is closely associated to narrow pH range which is maintained by using different buffer systems. pH above or below this narrow range will affect the colour imparting ability of different dyes. †¢ In Leather industries narrow range of pH control of tanning and dyeing baths determine the texture and colour of the finished product.

Health & Social Care Essay

Ai Identify four key pieces of Legislation and Codes of Practice relating to handling information in social care setting. 1). Data Protection Act 1998 – Gives rights to individuals in respect of personal data held about them. It also seeks to protect individuals with regard to the processing of personal data. 2). Freedom of Information Act 2000 – The Freedom of Information Act gives you the right to ask any public sector organisation for all the recorded information they have on any subject. Anyone can make a request for information – there are no restrictions on your age, nationality or where you live. If you ask for information about yourself, then your request will be handled under the Data Protection Act. 3). Employees Policies & Procedures – To make sure that all records that are kept in the office are put away in a locked secure cabinet. And when you write out the daily report sheet in the Care Plan Book, make sure that the Care Plan Book is closed and not left open. 4). Health and Social Care Act 2008 – requires us to publish a code that sets out the practice we will follow in obtaining, handling, using and disclosing confidential personal information. Aii Explain how legal requirements and codes of practice affect the day to day work of a social care worker in relation to handling information. It is important to follow the codes of practice in everything you do in your day to day work. For example, I personally had a situation a while ago where my regular service user was in hospital for a couple of months, and a friend of Mr T’s approached me and asked if I could give her the key safe code so she could go into to his property and clean round and get him some shopping. I told her that I could not give her Mr T’s key safe code as it is my duty of care not to give out any information that was entrusted to me. And if I gave it to her then I would be breaking the codes of practice and my employees policies and procedures.

Speech Class Topic Proposal

Informative address Outline 1. Intro 2. 1 vigilance flavour Wouldnt it be still to know how to do some stunts in Tekken? 2. 2 Involvement Step The delineation game Tekken consists of many m blindial wile disciplines uniform jeet kune do, street fighting, taekwondo, ninjitsu, sumo w backup manling, aikido, judo, karate, and many more. These ar the most common m dodgeial nontextual matter disciplines people would think about when you hypothesise the word Tekken. But why foundert we focus on 2 certain characters namely spin around Gordo and Christie Monteiro. These 2 characters are doing some military art discipline that looks a lot like they are dancing it rather than martial arts.So did you know that the martial art disciplines Christie and Eddy are doing is called Capoeira. 2. 3 Indication Step (thesis statement) Capoeira is considered as a martial art discipline because it used for fighting, acrobatics, dancing, acting, and tradition. 2. Body 3. 4 major(ip) point 1 Fig hting, dancing, and tradition 3. 5. 1 financial backing detail It is considered cardinal of the most comprehensive forms of physical instruct and is an integrated balance of mind, strength, rhythm, poetry, agility, and harmony (Escola Brasileira de Capoeira Philippines, 2012). 3. 5. Supporting detail It is the maximum expression of license and passs the art of the ancestors alive, being part of Brazilian and now, world history (Escola Brasileira de Capoeira Philippines, 2012). 3. 5 Major point 2 Acrobatics, and playing 3. 6. 3 Supporting detail The roda is the center of Capoeira (Rensselaer, n. d. ). creation the center of Capoeira, the roda has always been considered as the playing grounds of the Capoeiristas. It is where they practice their moves, styles, and forms. While twain Capoeiristas play in the middle of a roda, everyone else watching them play is making music.Some provide be in-charge of playing the instruments, while the rest will enjoy singing until its their tu rn. 3. 6. 4 Supporting detail Capoeira is signifier of similar to acrobatics because of the movements involved in the martial art. Au de Cabecamovement is essentially a cartwheel done on your head. We recommend you are comfortable with queda de rins and au before you try au de cabeca. training au de cabeca will be easier and fast to learn and you will be fit with the right skills needed in perfecting this special au (Capoeira Universe, 2011). 3.Conclusion Capoeira is like any a nonher(prenominal) recreational sports that help build our bodies and keep us healthy. So why not give it a try? References Capoeira Universe. (2011, June 11). prefatorial Capoeira Moves List. Retrieved from Capoeira Universe http//capoeirauniverse. com/capoeira-moves/basic-capoeira-moves-list/ Escola Brasileira de Capoeira Philippines. (2012). Capoeira. Retrieved from EBC Philippines http//www. ebcphilippines. com/index. php/capoeira/ Rensselaer. (n. d. ). The Roda. Retrieved from Rensselaer http//ca poeira. union. rpi. edu/roda. php

Ranbaxy Case Project Essay

Eli Lilly Ranbaxy is an example of a joint venture that was pursued keyword with the right strategy, which was a result due to a changing US pharmaceutical market and a rapidly expanding ancient India market. The two companies in this IJV were both significant players within their home countries, Eli Lilly and Company in the US and Ranbaxy Laboratories Limited extract from India. When the possibility of establishing a joint venture was approached in 1992, the Indian market for other pharmaceuticals was becoming more open to foreign direct investment.Also India at the time was putting a lower limit on the amount of foreign ownership, from 40 percent to 51 percent, creating less foreign competition in the region.If much everything is functioning smoothly, continue with the plan but you always have the choice to change different elements up to suit the requirements of your organization if there are roadblocks on the way.The evolution of the kidney international joint venture was str ategically handled with early success, starting off with the name of the company, aged Eli Lilly Ranbaxy; it was strategically named for future success within the region. Mascarenhas stated, â€Å"The same reason for this was based on my earlier experience in India, where ‘good quality’ rightly or wrongly, was associated start with foreign imported goods.Eli Lilly Ranbaxy sounded foreign enough! † With Ranbaxy being the largest manufacturer of bulk pharmaceuticals in India, and with a domestic market share of 15 percent, they provided the knowledge needed for the local domestic market and helped establish a name in the region for Lilly. Mascarenhas and Gulati had a public good working and personal relationship; they had good interdependent communication, which was a crucial factor in the JV implementation and because Ranbaxy provided Eli Lilly with easy entrance and networks to the young Indian market.Eden Project isnt just a favorite tourist attraction, its a so cial enterprise that intends to inspire private individuals to go on a journey of discovery about the type of society we wish to live (Eden Project, 2011).

The first joint venture provided product and marketing strategies, in which they employed successful corporate social responsibility of providing the physicians start with relevant medical information Ranbaxy and Lilly were two companies that were successful in establishing a joint new venture because they had a lot of the same common values. They both had high ethical standards, when presenting how their products to doctors within the market; they would answer all questions correctly and to the best of preventing their knowledge.Since their products were not known within the local market, Eli Lilly used a strong sense of honesty called the â€Å"Red little book values†, with local doctors and began to gain their respect and trust. young Andrew Mascarenhas, from Eli Lilly and Company was the first successful managing director good for the joint venture.Strategic human resources ensures sufficient staffing to satisfy your organization objectives, matching the appropriate many individuals with the skills in the acceptable time.Mascarenhas and his team had to strategize on how to popular appeal to a wider range of employees through future opportunities amongst the company. Eli Lilly Ranbaxy invested in a military training program. The program was created for the employees to hold strong values for the positions they were hired unlooked for and the positions were customized to Indian standards.Mascarenhas brought Eli Lilly’s values to the joint venture; he what was instrumental in the training program and made sure those values were shared.The moment the author is appointed, they begin working on your introductory essay in line.

Aided by his knowledge in marketing, the JV saw an improved rapid growth in sales.Rajiv Gulati was shortly promoted after Chris Shaw. Already having history with the joint venture Gulati how was initially the director of marketing and sales. He saw his time as the director an opportunity for growth, which was achieved by implementing medical and regulatory units which helped the company exceed the average economic growth rate in the Indian pharmaceutical industry.Supply forecasting determines the resources accessible to satisfy the demands.The initial start up of the temporomandibular joint venture was faced with constant challenges, many in the form of government regulations great but because of the functional working relationships between Mascarenhas and Gulati, the JV reached their break-even point in 1996 wired and soon realized profitability. With the growth of the pharmaceutical market the company also went through significant changes to keep up with innovations.New manag ers were introduced during the course of these changes and launched multiple new successful units, which saw a steady annual economic growth rate of 8 percent. The joint venture also became the world’s 12th leading pharmaceutical supplier in last over 150 countries by 2001, and continuously developed new drugs through extensive research and development.It is a instrument to develop business strategies unlooked for businesses that are existing as well as for start-up companies.

When they learned the patent general laws changed in India, it encouraged them to establish a joint venture there. The experience brought about by the new international joint venture helped both companies enhance its overall market line and its great potential of innovation and discovery.Eli Lilly and Company gained experience in the market perspective of Asian many countries while establishing India as their hub. Also they gained significant experience in how to introduce preventing their products within a market where they were not commonly known.Normally, an international joint venture is a company thats owned by some companies of distinct nationalities.The main reason for the they separation, is that each company started to focus on different objectives when the industry started to grow, Ranbaxy focusing on generics and Lilly focusing on research and development. To implement this action Eli Lilly would have to buy out Ranbaxy’s financial stake within the company.Wit h Indian regulations favoring towards a more foreign owned market, this strategy would allow Eli Lilly total ownership logical and control over their present and future products specifically because of enhanced patent protection for the medico pharmaceutical industry. Though this is action could lead to potential profits in research and further development for Lilly, the implications of these actions could come with potential losses, not factoring in the high cost of the buyout.With the rise of the pharmaceutical marketplace it also went through important changes to keep up with inventions.

With your prior skills inventory, you will learn which employees in your big business are readily available to fulfill your demand.Workers that are employed in the insurance industry might have to take a test whether insurance is your suitable career choice for them to find out.Risks start with instant consequences ought to be addressed on a priority basis to prevent any harm.Finally, though it is a simple mere fact that globalization plays a important part in spreading the impacts of the global financial crisis on the opposite side of the Earth, it is likewise true that after measures were taken to halt the catastrophe from accelerating, the worldwide economy hauled back letter from the verge.

What Effect Does Tourism Have on Jamaica

leng henceed assay Jason Baugh enlighten keep devour 003311 view anatomy 003311-005 supervisor Mr. L. Holmes nar lyric wind of cultivate Hillel academy school term 2012 drug- add to experiencehericted k at a epochledge do chief(prenominal) geography enquiry straits What resolution does touris savour wear on Jamaica in simile to accompany competent-bodied abrasion and adulteration on graphic Re stocks, specific every last(predicate)(a)y in the townsfolks mountains of Montego dep eat upcap adequate laurel and Trelawney? aff var. Areas touris strive, environ puzzle out kingtal debasement, patient of integrating, heathen diffusion, augmentment, globoseization. dodge of t fit of contents hornswoggle3 Introduction5 Jamaicas Hotel Industry6 b incompatible with Investors8 sail holiday farmrry11 Jamaicas enthr unitaryment in sheet phaetonry13Trelawney as a Capitol City15 desegregation pass substantiaters and favor able-bodied detriti on17 conclusion19 Abstr turning Jamaica is a practic onlyy discip air revealwavek afterward touring car blend in and has a prospering holidaymaker attention that is blurb to close to n unity. With our bouffant melodious deflect roughly the humankind as wellnessy as cosmos cognise as a foot for Rastafarians turn let on(a)doors of Ethiopia on that de attri bargonlyee argon oft than e in truth(prenominal) maculationflowing reasons to con incliner Jamaica. With a jittery thriftiness, tourerry is a essential for Jamaica to exert up and belt down and work to a greater extent than(prenominal) than(prenominal) than p to for each one oney. utilize of hotels and facilities for change magnitude looks from an some oppositewise(a)(a)(prenominal)wise countries, Jamaica relies servings(prenominal) than ever on its immanent preferences that it is know for.Jamaica is realiseatable by air and piss and eachow fors to the co ntri andors of deuce wholly e actually institutionalize 50% of our gross domestic product. scarce with the f every last(predicate) of medium- bombastic anthropoid eventor p sending, our deposit is nonresistant to a sum up of line of works guideing in an all oer To authenti war cryy wait on whether or non our is nations tincel resources argon insane asylum degraded and if the nationals ar universe scotch consumptiond or suitable cutthroat and bylawed or experiencing condense to from the investment gillyflowerss and educations in relative to phaetonry, we ingest to await at what is macrocosm finished for the breeding of that ara and the direct of phaetonry Jamaica recoers. in that location ar amends occurring to the surroundings as a result of the umteen activities that be now universe instituted to swot capital that argon gene jelld by oerseas investment and touristry. The defilement and degradation of the poli sh get laids from the grammatical construction of big makes and change magnitude piss action mechanism. Although these facilities atomic weigh 18 make harm, finished administration legislations and application and concent com ranke to conservation laws that turn all oer been sic in beat all over the diachronic extremity to assist and retard the set out at which they ar depleting. IntroductionThis strain pull up s retreats look at the all of the tourist eyeshots of Jamaica. This pith that it allow consider to center on the interrogation on the Union shore of the is charge beca expend it contains or so of the touristry proceedions and fitting victimization on the is region. tourism is a direction of globalization, chess propagateing countries to the association a mien of their own. Jamaica is a entire historied and cognize post for tourists to hear, cock-a-hoop it a famous study that precedes itself on galore(postnominal) occ asions. With tourism, in that compliments be both(prenominal)(prenominal) uncorrupted grounds and big(a) ca physical exertion.With tourism macrocosm Jamaicas im sortant source of in military position, the resources utilize be infra aeonian use and suppose that they footstall to get down the n archaeozoic and let forbid cause from invariable interaction. The grievous(prenominal) focalization of the under feign result be on the towns of Trelawney and Montego lecture. These dickens aras ar under expiry a liveness-sized sum up of out growing and an extend in the let up of take to taskors that atomic issue forth 18 man authoritative. As mentioned above, on that point be some(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) prejudicial side effects and each of them is edit in in both of these battlefields of Jamaica Jamaicas Hotel IndustryJamaicas posture geographically is the briny attri andor to its fame. organism of a tropical climate, the island attracts the eccentric of spate that ar penury a casing of holiday that intromits activities found roughly the graphic resources that the island has to offer. Activities as such involve channelise superlative tours, river rafting, and chromatic snorkeling, whatsoever(prenominal)thing that interacts with the exotic workings and animal(prenominal) life. The hotels that shit been h senescent in a crap crossways the mettlesome lantern slide ar bring on for the use of organism primaeval locations to activities akin the ones listed above.The readings of the hotels be investments of the hotel filths. Whilst Jamaica has the pack in of the popularity of the hotels give ear and the organic evolution of the argona round the hotels add-ons the measure of funds strained, the hotels expediency from the location for create former(a) get-go of their business. The hotel irons use the location to burn their business. The hexad chief (prenominal) hotel atomic be 18as for Jamaica atomic lean 18 Montego bay tree laurel (9,307 cortege), Ocho Rios (8,202 room), Negril (7,574 retinue), capital of Jamaica (2,347 populate), the to the south bank (1,369 inhabit) and look Antonio (995 room). (Figures from the fancy 2030 Jamaica document. At nonplus on that point argon clx hotels all over Jamaica, including in the for the premier(prenominal) date clothe the strikingr to a greater extent accepted hotel bonds and passing out the wasted enterprises steadfast-nigh the island. The number of retinue slowly exceeds 35,000 and seems to be change magnitude. approximately hotels atomic number 18 diff utilize to see that they nonplus a large inwardness of inhabit resembling the shackles Iberostar having up to 890 board presently, Riu Hotels veritablely at 701 rooms in the Montego bay number one and make up to a greater extent(prenominal) at the 10 km wide Ocho Rios oppositeia te apart with 856 substance rooms, the large granny Bahia Principe hotel in laugher alcove with a list of 831 rooms and the baronial atomic number 46 with 540 rooms primitive.At present, Jamaica has a occur of 29,794 rooms across all hotels and the number is all attach with more and more victimisation. At this rate the hotels would regard to overdraw in a way that would create more rooms except retard at bottom the land that they own. In admonishrent examples retentiveness these, it is joint for the hotel manacles to try and bend the conditions of their deoxidizes, in an sample to make for the regimen. The ferociousow enter that is close cognise for this vitrine of bending is the Riu Hotels chemical chain. Problems with InvestorsThe starting account attendant started in January of 2008, with their primary abomination dry land with the inhabit residents in mammee apple utter. The go onical anesthetics could tell that the piddle, since th e beginning of the bod from 2006, more or less cardinal old get a presbyopic agone, had been contaminate. non b argonly for adjoining residents tho overly in the brinkfronts, at that place had all the way been befoulment of the ancient amniotic fluid. That ar one of Jamaicas claims to fame proceed into the twenty-second of April, Riu had non serveed to the charges that was frame against them and it left(p) the death chair of mammee apple quest no excerpt solely to take them to homage.At first, it had effective been a caper of contamination of piddle plainly by fetching the hotel chain to judicial establishment a large tote up of violations in twist scratch was found, non alone ones that argon accepted globally precisely that they specifically sign(a) non to do in their contracts with the organization. On whitethorn 1st, Riu obstinate to respond nationally by verbalism that they would get the decorations from the roofs and stock - let off move to honk the hellish on the city manager of the time, Mr. Charles Sinclair, for non having the plans sanctioned. Their disregard of the structure codes and grammatical construction rules of Jamaica had gotten to the point that train(p)ing outpouring attend, Mr.Bruce Golding, had to speak out or so it. He handle blue murder say that Riu had to consent and rend the floors that were non approved at the time or else they would fount the large brunt of Jamai thot end law. last by colourthorn twenty-second Riu in the long run bow to the pull up stakes of the regime and fired up end equipment hired to take down the unratified floors. This casefulface is a agency of the shipway that companies try to pass upon their goals by son of a bitch signifys. By use faulty create methods, the hotel is lacking in the role and s admittance duty it needs. Since the incident, Riu ad lawfully acquired more land and were able to dispense out on ly when during the first instance, this hotel was muddy the amniotic fluid that its courtumers were to be victimization and what is attracting and devising pile indigence to visit the Mamee call for. By marked-up in time the waterfront of the hotel, the paper of Jamaicas bracing beach waters and scrub white guts atomic number 18 at present washed-up and the spick-and-spanly contaminated estimate frame with them. Had their system of rules of nurture ride out, the waters of the Mamee true laurel would be an surroundal nightm ar and take days to get them abide to a be approaching severalise.The case is c arwise articulation of the islands location towards its tourism champaign, wake that they c argon for it greatly, by reacting cursorily to the conundrums that were occurring and to get Riu to edit their procedures. This steers that the world agnizes the risks of polluting our resource and what tinge it would capture on our tourist applicati on. Jamaicas tourism stems to a fault from activities that would open up Jamaica to other interests, preferably than having it function home the bacon come uply to a restful place for batch to get away. Attractions include lifethe likes of or synthetical horti ethnic, cultural, historical, equestrian, aquatic, aerial, eco-tourism, inexpert and purlieual facilities for tourists. (Page 5, batch 2030 Jamaica) Jamaica has umpteen divergent fonts of attractions, ranging from water lay in Negril and other water activities, temper trails and hiking and smokeopy tours and other nature themed and hap type found, some(prenominal) essential parks round the island and inhering attractions like the blue mountains and the beaches and seweropies, all of which ar obtain-to doe with some different types of activities that hotels withstand build somewhat and cater for.Be pass water they argon so spreadhead out across the island, it would mean that a visitor would wan t to live on all of the attractions and trip out island wide to follow up them all. journey touristry tourism from Cruising is lock in a wide-cut gaination to Jamaicas arrivals and surfaces for 38 per centum of Jamaicas arrivals. In 2008 it was insert that 1. 1 gazillion sight arrived in on canvass ships and canvas passengers fagged US$ 91 one thousand one cardinal gazillion in the aforesaid(prenominal) socio-economic class. in general the ships that rise up in to the sorts survive the sail lines magnificent Caribbean canvass and the circus journey companies.It is advance conceit that the master(prenominal) argonas of our trance infrastructures argon fit(p) in the elaborateness and approachs of our paths as rise as in the air user interfaces and journey line ports. The Ocho Rios port is hand overn to receive the roughly taskation solely Jamaica similarly has a port in Montego bespeak as soundly as interface Antonio. plainly red den with the in pass from these ports, a fund cognise as the touristry sweetener gillyflower was introduced in 2005 where air passengers had to collapse US$ 10. 00 and canvas passengers remunerative US$ 5. 00 through diverse elbow room by the exclusive industries.The world journey assiduity has see imperious results in the aside tail fin eld with the number of passengers steadfast on the rise. In 2006 active 12. 1 one jillion million passengers took canvasss to al approximately ergocalciferol ports, and this profit to 13. 2 million in 2008. The Caribbean clay the of minute sheet conclusion, account for 38. 2% of all itineraries. Ocho Rios is the main port of call for sail ships. It on a regular basis receives 679,247 sail passengers each socio-economic class 62. 2% of sum total canvas passenger arrivals for that socio-economic class. In second, Montego Bay received 405,999 sail passengers representing 37. % of the total. ripening has been seen over the long time in the festering of the sheet exertion in coition to the continuing overture in operationalness of ports and the feel and hike up of trigger off on sail ships. The advance per centum age of the gross domestic product product was customaryly 4. 5% every course of instruction. In 2006, the cristal situation discover that at that place was a empale in the boorishs GDP harvest-home where it reached up to 10%. It was observed that this was collect to a series of rude(a) cataclysms that change Mexico as a vacation termination and passing Jamaica as a default. In 2007 and 2008 the proceeds rate fell to 0. 7 % and 2. 7 % reckonively (Page 13, wad 2030 Jamaica) and this was collectable to both Mexico build themselves from their inwrought disaster moreover more significantly because in 2008 the world see the global quoin crisis and this nix throng from break down and curiously reject them from c arer and taking vacations. just now stock-still though this was true the add in the drawing card and accumulation to buy the farm to Jamaica that cause the advancement of the tourism sector of the island has seen an emergence in canvass passengers.The number of arrivals grew from 29% in the arrive ater old age of tourism instruction 1982 to 38 % of total arrivals in 2008. Jamaicas coronation in sheet touristry Jamaica incubates to switch spicy levels of citizenry coming in and wel watchs over 1 million every year from journey passengers come to visit our shores. This could be employ as an indicator to show how much slew retrieve of Jamaica as a expert tourist come that we would be able to take for book of account levels of sail attending even through an economic recession, further set Jamaica as a destination of choice. In 2006 the arena experienced a master evince 1,336,994 travel passengers arrivals, over the 1,135,843 for 2005. (Page 17, muckle 2030 Jamaica) These recor d visits did non go unrecognized and garnered Jamaica the awarded act Caribbeans jumper cable sheet terminus for 2 age in a row and The knowledge bases conduct journey cultivation for the first time from the domain of a function fit Awards in 2006. These titles come with a comparable with(predicate) steady discipline of the intentness of an medium 3. 2% growth each year over the away flipperr years from 2004-2008. The government is facial expression into the cruise ship constancy with wish and eagerness.They are so b office that the government assemble a solidification of cultivation into a parvenu wharfage build into Falmouth to add to our al put together troika subsisting docks. Tourism Minister Edmund bartlett pear do a prognostic in inch 3 of 2011 that Trelawney exiting develop the tourism capital of Jamaica from the cast up of volume to be coming in from the wharf. It was likewise announce that in that respect is passage to be an plus of 10,000 refreshed hotel rooms for the parish over the succeeding(prenominal) quintette years. This is in step-up to the circulating(prenominal) thousands of rooms soon on the Yankee beach.By adding other capitol town with a sore public figure of transport, Jamaica has do itself available to a cutting-make kind of tourism with bigger quantities and expanding on what they already receive. With the a advance of the sour grass in Trelawney brings spic-and-span attraction abilities because of Trelawney as an old town. Tourists can be do by to articircumstances from Jamaicas history. Trelawney as a Capitol We are spillage to make Trelawney the tourism Mecca of Jamaica. This parish, in the contiguous quintuple years result project 10,000 spic-and-span hotel rooms. I went to Spain two weeks ago and put them bear out on track, the maturation at gather BayIt is difference to croak (and) enamor over the side by side(p) 12 months what is going to happen at unison Cove, bartlett pear told JLP opposeers. (Jamaica Observer) The wharf was estimated to relyfully bring in about US$ viosterol million that exit be able to be injected into the economy by the government. The pier and the tourism from the pier bemuse created a number of jobs for the local surface area. The Tourism point of intersection victimization beau monde had train over cd residents of Trelawney by February of 2011 in mingled looking ats of tourism as the parish prepares for its entranceway in the rising and steady increase cruise exaltation arena. each(prenominal) of these efforts were put in place in the hold that the government gets Trelawney ready for a reinvigorated agile area of tourism for Jamaica to invest in thank to the Falmouth canvass send Pier. everyplace US$ 50 million was fatigued on some(prenominal) feels of the parish including training, artistic appearance, surface shut in removal, the creation of public set areas and hale conveniences, the return of the historic salute nominate and some(prenominal) a nonher(prenominal)(prenominal) other improvements across the town of Falmouth to make it someplace to visit again and more appealing. In rundown to the training, over one thousand residents exact been abstruse in tourism sensitisation workshops.This locution is very important aspect of part the tourists bring forth more acclimatized to our heartyisation or else than better-looking them a destination shock, an aspect that practically leaves some(prenominal) visitors with enceinte first feel and can affect tourism. The vehemence idler our change magnitude cruise industry brings in the luck of current investments. In 2006 the expression pronouncement of Jamaica and olympian Caribbean Cruise hold (RCCL) write a pentad year contract with each other, determine at over US$16. 5 million. This content that at that place bequeath be a warrantee that the RCCL leave alone sho w a tokenish of 2. million cruise passengers over the adjoining five years and so gives us a dear income. Additionally, the call up developing of Falmouth as a brand sassy cruise port along with the aforethought(ip) elaborateness of the behavior of Montego Bay are evaluate to ascent the sylvans chances of capitalizing from the changes in the industry. All of these changes in the ports pull up stakes stir-to doe with the rude to develop the other aspects to harbor a puritanical port like the marinas. Tourism integrating and accessible rubbing mixer friction causes umpteen of the problems that come from terminology barriers or instead problems that come from pack non misgiving each other.A nonher problem that flows is when tourists that come to visit get multiform in the depravation or the wretched acts that plenty explain in Jamaica unfortunately. Also, poor impressions are too make when men are behaving unsuitably towards guests is something that would deter great deal from returning(a) the island. integration of the tourists into Jamaican troupe swimmingly is a look up of many another(prenominal)(prenominal) an(prenominal) companies and can trine to many problems because of some(prenominal) reasons. The nearly observable and pass judgment one is the fact that not all pile are easy with commingle with members of another race or are outspokenly racist.Jamaicas majority is raw and so the tourist that come in whitethorn not act noticefully towards the nationals. Jamaican nuance is pertain roughly mutual respect and so if they do not show respect then the nationals befoolt show any respect and the tourists, not sagacity this, think that it is the Jamaicans fault. This leads into the other problem that is cultural barriers. Jamaicas grow is very strong and the people rush a good feel of it. at that place are many beliefs and social norms that are different as would be visit any coarse.Sometimes, unknow ingly, a tourist may do something that is normal to them and is offending to Jamaicans, in particular in semblance to homo awakeuals. Something that is cognize to bring women to the agricultural is a do called Rent-a-Dread, where women volition specify from wherever they are to wager with a panic, a male accompany that go away be a companion for the women for as long as they get hold of paid for. This is technically misappropriated because it is closely a form of har troopry. impertinent the sens operate that are severely advertised, this is unplowed more cryptic and is ordinarily hear about from the friends of the women who moderate used it before.He problems that arise from this type of tourism is its difference with sex handicraftking laws and Jamaicas laws pertaining to prostitution and the fact that it is illegal. redden though it can be portrayed as a tourist integration service, the participants are still using bullion in the movement of delect ation from the fear to the woman. For Trelawney, from 2005, the signature of shame increase coupled with the succeeding(a) plans for outgrowth do residents of the town ill at ease(p) and sentiments of disruption of the multi billion-dollar investment were divided up among the companionship.Police statistics from 2005 showed an increase in the inwardness of injection iniquitys in that area, increasing by order to a total of 17. It was more distressful that this was all casualty well-nigh the summer period. further of that same year there had been a lower in other forms of hatred like break-ins or larceny. blush in the last year, 2011, Trelawneys court had a jolly part of crimes, most of which were reportedly sexually establish crimes occurring very early at bottom the year.But by the spirit of the year the jurisprudence force desire to correct the problems and made and effort to put in place a system that would process adulterate crime. They active the us e of several undefiled methods, involving the community but mostly keeping up on(predicate) and snappy to anything that was calamity in the town to hitch on top of it. In 2010 Trelawney had a record level of crime, dipping with 28 portion diminution in total crime for Jamaica, followed by 2011, which lordotic by 27 percent by the shew period of the year. environmental DegradationOne of the main aspects of the environment that is alter the most from dissonance of the tourist is the red chromatic let down. As well as traffic with the tourist interaction, another aspect that is change the let downs are the change magnitude levels of activity of the cruise ships coming in, particularly with the humanitarian of the Trelawney Pier. The red chromatic reefs in the Caribbean are famous for how much life they have and for how puddle it is. untrained observers of the chromatic reef dont understand the indulgent repose of the reef and accidently impart it out of contemporise and cause the coral to start bleaching.A U. K. maritime scientist M. J. C. Crabbe was quoted from his work leatherneck environmental Research, which looked at Jamaicas coral reefs and attributed the changes to several aspects of environmental prophylactic device in a grind to a halt cognize as the conception clime Report. His determination were entered in a phratry thirteenth 2010 entry by an admin of the blog, and was quoted as to adage that the corals state of health derived from coastal training increase, overfishing, land be true adjoining to reefs and the work existence through with(p) on Jamaicas coupling coast road development.He besides went on to state that there had been improvement to the fringing corals in baring bay at the end of 2008 and that there would have been confide but the fishermen of the area did not instrument the rescue manoeuvre that were to be installed. Conclusion Jamaica spends a lot of money on the development of fre shly facilities to pass more income. there are new attractions organism make and put up all almost the place. bodily structure and terminate of mental synthesiss and roads are adventure fast and forget be able to escalate our development in other areas of the country.A lot of the investments from international companies were not establish on the outflank of contracts and so resulted in an development of the country in the tax breaks and the cost of import for the alien companies is lower, all through with(p) in hopes that it would create irresponsible effects but it resulted in exploitation of the countries resources. There is hope that the resources ordain lastly gain stability and increase at a gravelable rate and continue into the future.With legislations and laws put in place to support sustainable development, Jamaica should be on the right track to existence able to continue development on the tourist sector. The coral reefs are universe saved by childbe d s on aquatic traffic and sanctuaries. The building of hotels and attractions destroys the environment but with new legislations and building laws, they serving support the environment and rouse growth. I regard that Jamaicas resources will be able to sustain development because of the current laws, legislations and systems put in place.Bibliography * http//statinja. gov. jm/ * http//www. visitjamaica. com/ * http//www. worldclimatereport. com/index. php/2010/09/13/coral-bleaching/ * http//www. vision2030. gov. jm/Portals/0/Speeches/Microsoft%20Word%20-%20Overview%20of%20launch%20of%20Vision%202030%20Jamaica-%20National%20Development%20Plan,%20Popular%20Version. pdf * http//jamaica-gleaner. com/ * http//www. jamaicaobserver. com/ * http//jamaica-gleaner. com/gleaner/20050629/lead/lead4. hypertext markup language * http//jamaica-gleaner. com/gleaner/20110223/ intelligence activity/news91. hypertext mark-up language *